Agricultural waste valorization through vermicomposting is a biotechnological approach that promotes nutrient cycling, waste reduction, and restoration of soil fertility. This study evaluated the vermicomposting efficiency of two indigenous earthworm species, Lampito mauritii and Perionyx excavatus, for bio-converting agricultural wastes under semi-arid conditions. In a 60-day laboratory experiment, maize and wheat straw were mixed with cow dung at a 3:1 (w/w) ratio and inoculated with each species. Subsamples were collected at 15-day intervals for pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and C:N ratio. Both species significantly improved substrate quality over the control (P<0.05), decreasing pH, OC and C:N ratio and increasing Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium(K). P. excavatus performed best: in maize and wheat straw, respectively, it reduced OC by 13.52%and 13.30%, increased total N by 46.38% and 62.77%, and lowered the C:N ratio by 41.20% and 47.95%. It also showed the highest P and K enrichment in both substrates. L. mauritii was slightly less efficient but still effective. These findings show that P. excavatus is more efficient at converting maize and wheat straw into mature vermicompost, although both indigenous species are suitable for local agricultural waste management.