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VOL. 11, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Stage-specific toxicity of eucalyptus essential oil against the housefly (Musca domestica L.)
Authors
Swati Kumari, S M Mahboob Hassan
Abstract
Housefly (Musca domestica L.) resistance to synthetic
insecticides necessitates eco-friendly alternatives for effective vector
control. This study evaluated the fumigant toxicity of Eucalyptus essential oil
across four developmental stages (eggs, L3 larvae, pupae, adults) using standardized
24 h exposure bioassays at concentrations of 0-80 µL/L air. Dose-dependent
mortality revealed marked stage-specific susceptibility, with L3 larvae
exhibiting highest sensitivity (LD50 = 15.2 [13.8-16.9] µL/L), followed by
adults (24.8 [22.1-28.3] µL/L), eggs (29.6 [26.4-33.2] µL/L), and pupae (54.7
[48.9-62.1] µL/L)—demonstrating 3.6-fold greater pupal tolerance. Complete
mortality (100%) was achieved in larvae and eggs at 80 µL/L, positioning
Eucalyptus oil as a potent botanical fumigant superior to neem oil benchmarks
for mixed-age populations.
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Pages:164-168
How to cite this article:
Swati Kumari, S M Mahboob Hassan "Stage-specific toxicity of eucalyptus essential oil against the housefly (<i>Musca domestica L</i>.)". International Journal of Entomology Research, Vol 11, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 164-168
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