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VOL. 11, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Toxicological effects of cyclophosphamide on the testes: A mini review
Authors
S S Khan, V T Dhurvey, A M Nagwanshi, A A Sharma
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by
genetic mutations leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. While
chemotherapy has improved survival, many anticancer drugs produce significant
adverse effects, particularly on the male reproductive system.
Treatment-related gonadotoxicity has therefore become a major concern among
cancer survivors. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used alkylating agent for
the treatment of various malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Despite its
clinical efficacy, CP is well known for its detrimental effects on male
fertility. Experimental and clinical studies report reduced sperm count,
motility, and viability, increased sperm abnormalities, and impaired
fertilizing capacity. Histopathological changes include degeneration of
seminiferous tubules, germ cell loss, and disruption of Sertoli and Leydig
cells, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and testosterone production.
Although some recovery may occur depending on dose and exposure duration, the
extent and pattern of reversibility remain unclear. The
present review aims to systematically compile and critically analyze existing
experimental and clinical evidence regarding cyclophosphamide-induced male
reproductive toxicity, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, structural and
functional alterations, dose- and time-dependent effects, and the potential for
recovery.
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Pages:543-550
How to cite this article:
S S Khan, V T Dhurvey, A M Nagwanshi, A A Sharma "Toxicological effects of cyclophosphamide on the testes: A mini review". International Journal of Entomology Research, Vol 11, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 543-550
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