New environmental conditions favour the emergence of many constraints linked to cocoa cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire. In this new environmental context, reflections are directed towards sustainable management strategies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of ant biodiversity on termite damage in cocoa farms under different shade systems in order to consider biological control. Twenty-nine (29) species of termites and 63 species of ants were identified after data collection. Analysis of termite attacks on cocoa trees reveals that 41.82% of cocoa trees show termite attacks. Intermediate system 2 is the least attacked by termites. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of ants was highest in this system. Ants’ abundance has an effect on reducing termite damage in the intermediate system 2. Considerable reduction of termite damage in cocoa trees could be achieved through biological control favored by a suitable management system.