The growing threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a serious obstacle to current medical treatments, driving the need for novel antimicrobial agents. Insects, which primarily depend on innate immunity, naturally produce a wide array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of their defence against microbial invasion. These peptides are typically small, cationic molecules that either disrupt microbial membranes or interfere with vital cellular activities, resulting in the swift destruction of pathogens. Insect-derived AMPs exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, acting against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. Notably, they have shown potent activity against drug-resistant strains such as MRSA, VRE, and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. Their distinctive mechanisms-particularly those involving direct membrane targeting-make it more difficult for pathogens to acquire resistance. Furthermore, certain AMPs can modulate the host immune response, adding another layer to their therapeutic potential.

Despite these promising features, clinical application remains limited due to issues like low stability, possible toxicity, and high production costs. However, current research is exploring synthetic modifications, nanocarriers, and recombinant production to improve their usability. This review explores the origin, mechanism, and therapeutic potential of insect AMPs in combating drug-resistant infections.