Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, chikungunya, and Zika virus remain significant public health threats worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The overuse of synthetic insecticides has led to the development of resistance in mosquito populations and raised concerns about environmental and human health safety. In this context, herbal nanoemulsions (HNEs) have emerged as promising eco-friendly alternatives. This review highlights the recent advancements in the use of plant-based nanoemulsions as effective larvicides, adulticides, and insect growth regulators (IGRs) against major mosquito vectors, including Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. We discuss the physicochemical properties, preparation techniques, and mechanisms of action of HNEs, emphasizing their superior bioavailability, controlled release, and environmental compatibility. The review compiles experimental data on various essential oil-based nanoemulsions and their lethal concentrations, developmental inhibition, and morphological deformities in mosquito life stages. Furthermore, we explore their toxicological safety, environmental impact, and identify existing research gaps, such as the need for formulation standardization and long-term field validation. Overall, herbal nanoemulsions hold significant potential as part of integrated vector management strategies. However, further interdisciplinary research and regulatory support are necessary to translate laboratory successes into field-ready, sustainable mosquito control technologies.