Butterflies are important ecological indicators which play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the ecosystem. The present study was conducted in the month of November, 2024, to assess the diversity and abundance of butterfly community in the adjoining area of Ranthambore National Park (Zone 7), Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan. Butterfly sampling was done by using line transect method in which the entire survey path (5600 m) was divided into 8 transects and were surveyed every day following the same transect path. A total of 68 species of butterflies belonging to five different families were recorded from the study site. Percentage composition analysis of the five families illustrated that family Nymphalidae had the maximum number of butterflies (44.31%), followed by Pieridae (26.70%), Lycaenidae (20.05%), Papilionidae (6.45%), Hesperiidae (3.30%). Based on the sightings of butterflies at the study site, it was found that 41.87% of the total butterflies belonged to very common category, followed by common category (33.38%), not rare category (19.29%), rare category (5.46%), very rare category (0.10%). Among the recorded butterfly species, 11 of them were found to be protected under various Schedules of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Values of Shannon diversity index (H'=3.82) implied the high species richness of the butterfly community. Pielou’s evenness index (j=0.91) depicted the evenly distributed nature of the butterfly community and Simpson's index of diversity (D=0.97) indicated the persistence of high abundance of species in the sampled butterfly community. Therefore, the information from this preliminary survey will prove to be beneficial for implementing necessary conservation strategies required for the management of the habitat as well as conservation of the butterfly fauna in the study site and its surrounding areas.