The present article deals with the checklist of aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera) and their food plants belonging to 6 families (Amaranthaceae, Basellaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Plumbaginaceae, and Portulacaceae) of the order Caryophyllales; and 2 families (Loranthaceae and Santalaceae) of the order Santalales. The plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae are more vulnerable to aphid attack (16 species of plants infested by 32 species of aphids), followed by Caryophyllaceae (11 species of plants infested by 18 species of aphids) and Nyctaginaceae (5 species of plants infested by 12 species of aphids). Out of 44 species of the aphids recorded on these plants, 37 species are almost monophagous, feeding on 1-7 plant species belonging to 1-2 families, and the remaining 7 species are polyphagous, feeding on 6-19 plant species belonging to 3-5 families. Highly polyphagous species are Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover (19 plant species belonging to 14 genera and 5 families), followed by Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (16 plant species belonging to 12 genera and 4 families) and Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch (14 plant species belonging to 11 genera and 4 families).