The freshwater crab Barytelphusa cunicularis (Westwood, 1836) is one of the most common freshwater crabs in the state of Maharashtra. The crab inhabits seasonal freshwater bodies such as rivers, canals, streams, lakes, wells, dams, and other irrigation projects. The crab is edible and highly nutritious and a rich source of calcium. The crab is fished by local sellers and sold in large numbers in weekly markets in cities, towns and villages in Maharashtra. This paper provides baseline information regarding the breeding cycle viz., the colouration of gonads, gonadosomatic index, and breeding season of B. cunicularis. The result obtained shows that B. cunicularis breeds throughout the year. However, a high percentage of mature female crabs was seen in the months of June and July. The study of female gonads shows that the colouration of the ovary varies according to the maturation phase of the animal. The female crabs can be grouped into Immature females (ovary colour: white and translucent), Maturing females (ovary colour: yellowish), Matured females (ovary colour: dark yellow/orange), and, Ovigerous females (ovary colour: faint yellowish or brown). The ovarian index is highest during months of June and July indicating peak reproductive activity in this period. The male crab testis shows no colour change according to maturation phase, and they remain creamy white throughout the year. The male crabs breed throughout the year, however, the male crabs have higher gonadal index during June to September. This shows higher reproductive activity during June to September. Basic knowledge on season wise breeding behaviour and reproductive biology of the species could help in formulating strategies on captive reproduction and aquaculture production of edible freshwater crabs in India.