Biological control far pre-dates the modern pesticide era as one of the main pest management methods, but from around the middle of 20th century these methods fell out of favor for newly discovered pesticides that could easily manage most pests. However, it did not take long to realize that chemical pesticides were creating more problems than were supposed to solve. Rachel Carson’s seminal book “Silent Spring” fueled the ongoing movement away from the pesticides and towards alternative methods of pest control. This shift helped to bring biological control in the forefront and stimulate the implementation of the concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the late 1960’s, of which biological control was seen as a core component. Natural enemies of pests, such as parasitoids, predators and pathogens; are the fundamental resource of biological control. In India the history of modern classical biological control dates back to 18th century, also Indian species have also been used elsewhere as biocontrol agents. Biological control has now gained prime importance in India, with several biological control laboratories and stations presently engaged in controlling pests.