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VOL. 7, ISSUE 10 (2022)
Rearing of palmetto weevil, Rhynchophorus cruentatus fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors
Basma M Gabr, Michael J Adang, Abdel-Aziz A Khidr, Mohammed M El-bokl
Abstract
Palmetto weevil (Rhynchophorus cruentatus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is considered North America's largest weevil (Weissling and Giblin-Davis, 1997) [21]. It is a tissue borer to different palm trees, especially sabal palms (Sabal palmetto). It is a resident of Florida but has been found in south Texas to the west till South Carolina to the north (Thomas, 2010) [20]. Like other weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus, it has a cryptic habitat; many generations can live inside the palm trunk for the entire life cycle. Larvae are the most dangerous stage; they penetrate deep into the palm trunk, feeding on soft tissues and causing total loss of the palms. Control strategies for this weevil mainly depend on using chemical insecticides that can be used for curative treatments, but persistence is necessary (Weissling and Giblin-Davis, 1997) [21]. New eco-friendly control methods should be investigated for environmental preservation as substitutes for chemical insecticides (Isman, 2000) [15]. Testing new control methods against the palmetto weevil in the laboratory requires the availability of different insect stages. Therefore, this study was designed to improve an efficient, easy, and cheap rearing technique to establish a colony of palmetto weevils in the laboratory, thus providing enough different developmental life stages for further studies and laboratory bioassays. Adult weevils were collected from the field using food-bait pheromone traps. Seven traps were installed in Brunswick, GA, USA. Pheromone traps provided us with adult individuals, males, and females, which were needed as initial samples for establishing the palmetto weevil colony in the laboratory. The cumulative numbers of collected weevils during a trapping period from October (2019) to May (2020) are 505, with a 1:1.8 sex ratio between males and females. The rearing process was carried out in a controlled room at the Entomology Department, University of Georgia, USA. The room temperature was maintained at 26 ± 2ºC, and humidity was maintained at 60-80% RH. The photoperiod was approximately 16:8 L: D. Field Collected adults were provided with 20 gm apple slices for feeding and as egg-laying substrate. Eggs were collected daily, and hatched larvae were provided individually with apple slices for feeding; however late larval stages were provided with sugarcane stems to complete metamorphosis. Sugarcane fibers were essential for larvae to construct cocoons and enter pupation. The duration of each developmental life stage was recorded. Eggs required 3.71 ± 1.137 days to hatch. Ten larval instars were observed during the life cycle as the larval stage required 79.21 ± 12.994 days to enter pupation. Newly hatched adults emerged from the cocoons after 25.63 ± 6.47 days. The mean generation time was estimated as 110.3 ± 21.3 days. The palmetto weevil colony was established and maintained successfully under laboratory conditions using an apple-sugarcane diet.
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Pages:1-9
How to cite this article:
Basma M Gabr, Michael J Adang, Abdel-Aziz A Khidr, Mohammed M El-bokl "Rearing of palmetto weevil, <em>Rhynchophorus cruentatus </em>fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions". International Journal of Entomology Research, Vol 7, Issue 10, 2022, Pages 1-9
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