The leaf litter input provides the dietary source for aquatic insect communities in streams, yet the consequences of diversity of plant material have not been studied in stream puddles important for the production of mosquitoes. To study the influence of leaf litter and the distribution of mosquito larvae in stream puddles and how diversity in leaf litter affects container-inhabiting mosquitoes, we examined the field survey in Nilgiri biosphere reserve of Southern Western Ghats and tested the effects of dominant riparian species on the development of mosquito larvae, Aedesaegypti. In the field survey, six species in two genera of mosquitoes were collected. Aedes pesudotaniatus was predominant species in stream puddles. The statistical analyses revealed that riparian cover, leaf litter and elevation were significant factors for the distribution of mosquitoes. The laboratory result indicates that the combination of three leaves of Spondias pinnata, Acacia caesia and P. avettaindica was reinforced the fast larval growth and huge production of Ae. aegypti. Overall results showed that leaf diversity does have a different effect on the development of mosquitoes in stream puddles.