Recently, the cultivation of cabbage in the Eastern part of Nigeria is increasing due to the nutritional and financial importance of cabbage. However, a wide range of insect pest cause considerable damage to cabbage production. The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and the cabbage aphids Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are considered the most economical. The petroleum ether extract at various concentrations (90, 45, 22.5, 11.3, and 5.6 µL/mL) were assayed in the laboratory against P. xylostella larvae and B. brassicae adult by direct application and leaf dip assay respectively. At 90 µL/mL, C. papaya seed oil, recorded 100% and 83.3% mortality after 6 days of exposure against P. xylostella larvae and B. brassicae respectively. Also similar results were obtained for the residual toxicity after 10 days of exposure. At 90 µL/mL, repellency of 93.94% and 82.83% against P. xylostella and B. brassicae were recorded respectively. There was no larval damage on leaves treated with C. papaya seed oil extract. C. papaya seed had the lowest LD50 of 16.14 and 27.62 µL/mL for P. xylostella and B. brassicae respectively. In the field, botanical treated plots were observed to have reduced number of insect infestation and damage. Higher yield were recorded on botanical treated plots compared to the control while the yield recorded at 90 µL/mL were not significantly different from the standard check Lambda cyhalothrin. This study have shown the potential of C. papaya seed oil extract as a good alternative for the control of cabbage insect pests.