Insects are regarded as the most successful group among the invertebrate species due to their adaptation to diverse and harsh environments, varied food habits and their capability to escape from their predators very fast. Besides being beneficial and having positive impact in human life and maintaining ecological balance, many insect species pose negative impact on human life and society as well. One such aspect is that numerous species of insects act as agricultural pests and damage crops, thereby creating much inconvenience to farmers and cultivators in particular and global food security at large. To combat this issue, although application of synthetic pesticides provide quick solution, but in the long run they interfere with the well-being of both aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems due to their non-biodegradable property. The practice of agriculture in North East India is not similar with that of the rest part of the country due to its geographical variations, climate and limited access to modern amenities for agriculture. Hence, farmers have to mainly rely on centuries old traditional pest management techniques which is passed to the next generation verbally. The present work is a review of various traditional knowledge and techniques employed by the indigenous farmers and cultivators of Assam to control and manage insect pests of rice.