Orthoptera constitute a dominant and important group of terrestrial insects, including katydids, crickets, locusts and grasshoppers. They are mostly herbivorous occur in grassland, semi-aquatic, desert and tropical forest ecosystem. Locusts and grasshoppers are important group of acridid pests of agriculture and forest vegetation in seedling stage. Long horned grass hoppers and crickets may herbivore, carnivore, predator and omnivore in nature. The review presented the knowledge of diversity and distribution of orthopteran insect species in the Rajasthan. The family Acrididae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae belonging to the suborder Caelifera and the family Tettigoniidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae, Schizodactylidae representing the suborder Ensifera recorded from different areas of Rajasthan. Maximum species diversity has been recorded of the family Acrididae followed by Tettigonidae from different regions, particularly from southern part. Richness of orthopteran diversity reflects functional ecology and provide the source of manifold utility of the abundant species for the future aspect.