Biodiversity is the variation form within a given ecosystem, biomass or for the entire earth. Butterflies are the most beautiful and colorful creation on the earth and have a great aesthetic value. Butterfly plays an important role in the pollination of flower. In this butterflies fauna affected by many factors which include land use, deforestation and pesticide are major losses of butterflies’ diversity. The present study conducted diversity Butterflies in Karambayam, Papanadu and Veerakkurichi of Pattukkotai taluk, Thanjavur district, TamilNadu, India. The end of the survey concluded Karambayam contain more number of species (31) followed by Pappanadu (30) and Veerakkurichi (25). The reason of the butterfly distribution Karambayam contain number of water source, flower garden, orchard planted areas, rescue centers and agricultural lands.