Quantifying and monitoring invertebrate fauna is an important step in formulating conservation and management plans for different habitats. Butterflies, due to their potential as indicator species, their short life cycles and easy identifiability, are useful for studies on landscape ecology and habitat quality even in protected areas such as Manas Wildlife Sanctuary. The study, undertaken to understand how butterfly species composition and abundance vary in different landscape elements of Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, found that there is a high similarity between the woodland, grassland and edge landscape elements in the study site. But difference in vegetation composition along with natural habits of different species, led to the highest diversity being recorded in woodland LSE (H'=3.274), followed by edge LSE (H'= 3.117) and grassland LSE (H'= 2.891). Nymphalidae family was found to be the most abundant in the study site while individuals of Riodinidae were the least abundant.