International Journal of Entomology Research

Authors
Narayan Lal Choudhary, Dr. Nadim Chishty

Abstract
In long-billed vulture death of juvenile caused by various reason like; shortage of water and food, inbreeding due to small population, parasitic infection, high environmental temperature. Raptor success breeding rate and population size directly related to availability of nesting habitats & low level of pesticide pollution. In early morning vulture are physically and sexually low active but preening was more common activities carry out, followed by adults body movements, body and beak screeching. Where foraging, matting, sun basking, singing, nest constructions are almost absent. These time both adults movements at near old nest site was maximum as compare to other time of day. Late morning and early afternoon time: vultures was more time spend in thermoregulation as compare to other time of day followed by adults leave breeding colonies, re-mating and generally almost all activities performed by adults. In afternoon time; flying activity was more commonly performed and other activities in decreasing order- preening, allo-preening behavior and body and beak scratching in maximum time as compare to other day of day. Sunbathing, foraging, re-matting activity are not commonly seen in these time. In evening time adults are more sexually active (re-matting) sound produce before matting followed by foraging behavior and scat release were maximum as compared to other time of day and almost perform in some fraction of all activities. Allo-preening behavior was general shown in adults before mating and post-matting time, they are absent in early hours of morning. Threat of the vulture population decline is due to shortage of food and water, loss of breeding habitat, splitting of stone, unsuccessful hatching, calcium deficiency and various infectious diseases; responsible for vulture mortality.