The investigation entitled “Bio-efficacy of essential oils and chemical insecticides against rice yellow stem borer under field conditions” was carried out at Research cum Instructional Farm of IGKV, Raipur (C.G.) during Kharif, 2017-18 and the treatments are like camphor oil, cedar wood oil, eucalyptus oil, lemongrass oil, neemazal and a chemical insecticides i.e., Dinotefuran and Rynaxypyr were evaluated against stem borer in the field conditions. As per the performance of different treatments, treatment involving Rynaxypyr @ 0.3 ml/l was most effective with overall mean 12.17 percent dead heart and 18.38 percent white ear head. It was closely followed by Neemazal @ 2.0 ml/l overall mean 16.94 percent dead heart and 25.86 percent white ear head.