The general objective of this study is to know the diversity of termites in papaya plantations in southern Côte d'Ivoire and the damages caused by those termites. A papaya plantation was sampled using the standardized method for the rapid estimation of termite biodiversity. Two transects were plotted on diagonals 111 m long, 2 m wide and divided into 10 sections each. A last transect 100 m long and 2 m wide was drawn vertically in the middle of the farm and divided into 5 sections. A total of 25 sections have been delineated and searched. The results obtained show that five species are present in this papaya plantation. The species Pseudacanthotermes spiniger, Ancistrotermes crucifer, with respectively 70.05% and 12.79% of occurrence are the most abundant in the medium. Macrotermes bellicosus records the lowest occurrence at 1.08%. The fungus-growers make up the majority of termites harvested on the plot. And out of 68% of the attacked papaya trees, 38% has recorded structural damages, and 05% of the plants/trees would have been died because of termites, have been noticed. This work is a preliminary study that shows the impact of the papaya crop on termite biodiversity. However, the variation of termite communities according to the age of the plantation deserves to be studied.