The study was conducted in Inyonga Division, Mlele district, western Tanzania in July 2014. The study aimed at assessing the contribution of beekeeping to community’s livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. A total of 101 beekeepers were interviewed from purposively selected villages. Focus group discussions, Key Informant Interviews and physical observation were also used. Significant difference on number of hives was observed (χ² =11.726, df = 2, P = 0.003) in the study villages, no significant difference was detected in hive occupancy rate between hive types (Chi-square =4.127, df=4, p>0.389). Harvesting, processing and packaging of bee products were observed to be done locally, causing a negative impacts on biodiversity conservation due to fire setting in harvesting process. Bark hives were widely used 63% (n=11,928) of the recorded hives. Thus, awareness rising on the use of appropriate beekeeping practices is highly recommended for enhancing biodiversity conservation in Mlele District.